Level 2 · Jazz

Intro to Broken Time

The ride pattern fragments — the pulse is implied

Duration · 25 min Focus · Time-Feel / Genre
Prerequisites

So far, every jazz pattern in this curriculum has STATED the ride pattern — every quarter and every skip note in their place, the pulse explicit. Broken time is the next move: the ride pattern fragments, leaves space, and is implied rather than stated. The pulse is still there — the bassist and the hat-foot keep it — but the ride no longer plays it on every beat.

Broken time is what most modern jazz drummers do most of the time. Brian Blade, Bill Stewart, Eric Harland, Marcus Gilmore — when they're not doing something more elaborate, they're playing broken time. It's the contemporary default, the way medium swing was the default in 1960. If you understand it, you understand modern jazz drumming; if you can't do it, your playing will sound dated regardless of how clean your technique is.

If the ride pattern is the explicit statement of jazz time, broken time is what happens when you start removing parts of that statement. Pull out the quarter on beat 2 — but the hat-foot still hits beat 2, so the listener still feels beat 2. Pull out the quarter on beat 3 — same logic. Now your ride is only playing the skip-notes (the swung 8ths), and the time is still completely intact because the bass and the hat-foot are holding it.

This is harder than it sounds, because removing notes from a memorised pattern goes against years of muscle memory. The exercises below build the skill incrementally: first remove one note, then two, then everything but the skip-notes. The hat-foot on 2 and 4 stays constant the entire time — it's the anchor that makes the implication possible.

1 — Ride Pattern with Beat 2 Removed
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 140
The quarter on beat 3 is REMOVED — a visible rest where it used to be, right after the first ding-a. The hat-foot still marks both backbeats, so the time survives; the hole in the ride is the point. Ride pattern minus one quarter: the simplest broken-time move.
2 — Ride Pattern with Beats 1 and 3 Removed
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 140
Both downbeat quarters gone — the ride now plays only the swung skip pairs, and nothing from you lands on beats 1 or 3 at all. It won't sound like a ride pattern anymore; that's correct. Trust the foot on 2 and 4 and loop until the time feels solid anyway.
3 — Skip Notes Only (No Quarters)
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 140
The ride is down to two swung 8th pairs — the & of 1 into 2, and the & of 3 into 4. Every quarter is gone. The stuttered, off-balance result is the bedrock of broken time; the hat-foot is what keeps a listener oriented, so it cannot waver here.
4 — Broken-Time Bar Responding to a Phantom Soloist
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 140 · 2-bar phrase
Bar 1: ride on the & of 1, snare on the & of 2, then nothing — the soloist is holding a long note and you're just acknowledging it. Bar 2: the full ride pattern returns. That empty-bar / full-bar alternation is the conversational logic of broken time.
Move on when
  • Ride pattern with one beat removed (Ex 1) loops at ♩=140 with the hat-foot keeping the time
  • Skip-notes-only pattern (Ex 3) does not collapse — the listener can still feel where 1, 2, 3, 4 are
  • You can stop the ride completely for one full bar and re-enter on the right beat
Listening 4 records

Listen for it

  1. 01

    Brian Blade Joshua Redman — MoodSwing

    Broken time as the default, throughout the record.

  2. 02

    Bill Stewart John Scofield — Time on My Hands

    Broken-time master class — listen for how often the ride leaves space.

  3. 03

    Paul Motian Bill Evans Trio at the Village Vanguard

    The historical origin point — Motian's broken time was decades ahead of its time.

  4. 04

    Marcus Gilmore Vijay Iyer Trio — Accelerando

    Contemporary broken time at the highest level of abstraction.