Level 3 · Jazz Fusion

Clave-Influenced Fusion

Clave under fusion vocabulary — the Goines/Ameen sound

Duration · 30 min Focus · Genre Hybrid / Clave / Linear

Once a drummer has the clave under their feet — literally, in the bass-drum foot — the entire palette of fusion changes. Instead of the kick punctuating downbeats, it punctuates the clave figure. The rest of the body is freed up to play any vocabulary you like on top — funk 16ths, jazz comping, linear lines — and the groove still feels like it has a Cuban DNA because the foot is articulating a 5-note, 2-bar pattern that has been the backbone of Afro-Cuban music for centuries.

This was the great late-1980s/1990s fusion innovation — Lincoln Goines and Robby Ameen wrote the book on it (Funkifying the Clave), and Horacio "El Negro" Hernández, Dave Weckl, and Vinnie Colaiuta turned it into a vocabulary. The notation below uses two-bar layouts (bars: 2) with the kick clave written at its natural note values; rests in the kick voice are invisible because the hand voice fills the bar with continuous 16ths and already shows where every beat is.

1 — Son 3-2 Clave (Kick) + 16th Hi-Hat with Backbeat
4/4 · 16ths · quarter = 88 · 2 bars
The kick carries son 3-2 across the two bars — 1, & of 2, 4, then 2, 3 — under steady 16th hats and a backbeat on 2 and 4. Build it from the foot up: kick alone, add hat 8ths, upgrade to 16ths, then let the backbeat in last.
2 — Rumba 3-2 Clave (Kick) + 16th Hi-Hat
4/4 · 16ths · quarter = 84 · 2 bars · the displaced cousin
One note moves: the third kick of the 3-side shifts from beat 4 (son) to the & of 4 (rumba), landing a half-beat before bar 2 and pulling the ear into the 2-side. Keep the backbeat on 2 and 4 obvious; the foot does the cultural work.
3 — Songo-Funk Hybrid (2-Bar Phrase)
4/4 · 16ths · quarter = 96 · 2 bars · songo bass + funk backbeat
Kick plays the songo figure — 1, & of 2, & of 4 — every bar, so the pulse cycles twice as fast as a clave would. The backbeat on 2 and 4 with ghosts threaded between keeps it funk; the anticipatory &-of-4 kick keeps it songo.
4 — Cross-Stick Clave + Tumbao Kick
4/4 · 16ths · quarter = 92 · 2 bars · clave on cross-stick AND in the kick
Play the c/5 voice as a cross-stick — stick laid across the head, butt end clicking the rim — spelling the full son 3-2 clave over the 16th hat while the kick doubles every clave hit. Cross-stick and foot must land as one; any flam and the structure blurs.
Move on when
  • Son 3-2 clave on the kick foot, locked underneath a fusion hand pattern, holds for two minutes at quarter = 92
  • Rumba 3-2 clave on the kick with even 16th-note hi-hat on top — both voices stay independent for at least 8 bars
  • A songo-funk hybrid groove (songo bass figure + funk backbeat) is identifiable as both songo and funk to a listener
Listening 3 records

Listen for it

  1. 01

    Lincoln Goines & Robby Ameen Funkifying the Clave (book + recordings)

    The reference text. Every example in this lesson traces back to it.

  2. 02

    Horacio "El Negro" Hernández (with Michel Camilo Trio) any track

    Foot-clave under modern Latin jazz — pristine independence.

  3. 03

    Steve Gadd (with Chick Corea) Spain

    Clave-ish kick under straight time — fusion's debt to Latin made audible.