Level 2 · Jazz Fusion

Broken-Time Fusion

The ride fragments, the kick takes time — Tony Williams' fusion vocabulary

Duration · 30 min Focus · Time-Feel / Vocabulary / Independence

Broken time is the jazz drummer's way of implying the pulse instead of stating it. Instead of the ride playing a continuous swing pattern, the ride breaks into fragments — three notes, then silence, then four notes, then silence. The pulse persists in the listener's ear because the band stays locked together; the drummer's job is to participate in the conversation, not to act as the metronome.

In fusion, broken time becomes electric. Tony Williams (with the Lifetime), Jack DeJohnette (with Keith Jarrett's Standards Trio in its open-form moments), and the modern players — Eric Harland, Marcus Gilmore, Justin Faulkner — all use this vocabulary. The ride still fragments, but now over a kick playing a steady ostinato (the kick becomes the time-keeper), or over a snare ostinato, or over no ostinato at all (pure implied pulse).

This is the most demanding lesson in the Level 2 fusion track. Don't approach it before the rest of the track is solid.

Set a metronome on quarter notes. Loop a click track or a bass loop. Then play the broken bar against the click — your ear stays locked to the click, your hands and feet do the broken stuff. If you can do that, you can do the same thing with a band, because the band is the click.

1 — Ride Fragment over 2-Bar Kick Ostinato
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 84
The kick is now keeping time, not the ride. Kick on 1, foot-hat on 2, kick on the &-of-3, foot-hat on 4. The right hand plays a fragmented ride pattern that does not repeat — the listener doesn't expect to anchor to the cymbal because it isn't doing that job. Instead, ear locks to the kick + foot-hat skeleton. Snare on the &-of-4 is the comping pickup into bar 2.
2 — Snare-as-Time-Keeper
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 80
Cross-stick on every & makes the snare the time-keeper; foot-hat holds 2 and 4, kick 1 and 3, and the ride drops in only on 1 and 3 as colour. Keep the cross-stick soft — the moment it gets loud enough to feel like a backbeat, it stops being a pulse.
3 — Implied Pulse Only
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 80
No voice plays continuously: ride on 1 and the &-of-4 (with snare), snare on the &-of-2 and &-of-4, kick alone on the &-of-2, foot-hat on 3. Learn it with the metronome, then drop the click — the test is landing bar 2's downbeat exactly in time.
4 — Full Broken-Time Fusion Bar
4/4 · swing 8ths · ♩ = 88
Final integration: the ride fragments, the snare comments (the &-of-3 accent is only a backbeat hint), and the kick quietly does the time-keeping. Nobody is obviously in charge — that's the sound. Loop it for 16 bars without drifting and you've graduated the lesson.
Move on when
  • A 2-bar kick ostinato (e.g. quarter-8th-quarter / 8th-quarter-8th) anchors the time while the ride plays a fragmented, non-repeating pattern at ♩=84
  • A bar where the snare carries the time-keeping role (instead of the ride) holds the pulse audibly at ♩=80
  • An "implied pulse" bar — no continuous time-keeping voice, only intermittent kick / snare / ride / hat — preserves the bar length to within a 16th of the metronome
  • A full broken-time fusion bar combining ride fragments, snare comments, and kick anchoring loops naturally without losing the pulse
Listening 4 records

Listen for it

  1. 01

    Tony Williams Tony Williams Lifetime — Emergency!

    The fusion-era founding document of broken time at electric volume.

  2. 02

    Jack DeJohnette Keith Jarrett — Standards Live

    Broken-time vocabulary inside the standards repertoire.

  3. 03

    Brian Blade Wayne Shorter Quartet — Footprints Live!

    Modern broken time, where the bar lines stop mattering.

  4. 04

    Eric Harland Voyager — Live by Night

    Tony Williams' grandchildren — implied pulse over electric instruments.