Level 2 · Hip-Hop & R&B

Southern Rap Drumming

The Outkast / UGK tradition — slower, sparse hat, heavy 808-style kick

Duration · 25 min Focus · Vocabulary / Genre
Prerequisites

Before Atlanta trap there was Atlanta-and-Houston-and-Memphis hip-hop — Outkast, Goodie Mob, UGK, Three 6 Mafia, Scarface. The Southern hip-hop tradition is older than trap and somewhat distinct: tempos are slower than East Coast boom-bap (♩=75–85 instead of 88–96), the hi-hat is often sparse rather than continuous, the kick is heavy and frequently 808-style, and the pocket is wider. The "Dirty South" sound from the late 90s and early 2000s is the direct ancestor of trap, but it has its own personality.

Translating it to a kit means thinking about weight. The kick should feel heavier than in boom-bap — pitched lower, played with more force, sometimes paired with a floor-tom 808 stand-in. The snare can crack but often plays cross-stick or rim-clicks instead. The hat is the surprise: instead of straight 8ths, it's often a sparse pattern with quarter-rests inside it, giving the bar more open space.

Outkast's drum production across ATLiens, Aquemini, and Stankonia defined what Southern hip-hop drums could be. Programmed but humanized; the kicks displaced from where you'd expect them; the snare often anticipated by a 16th. The exercises here paraphrase that vocabulary on an acoustic kit.

1 — Basic Southern Groove
4/4 · ♩ = 78
Boom-bap's shape, but the third kick moves to the & of 4, leaning the bar into the next downbeat — the Southern signature. Play the kick heavier than boom-bap ever asks, tempo down at ♩=78, and verify the &-of-4 hit doesn't pull beat 1 forward with it.
2 — Outkast-Style Displaced Kick
4/4 · ♩ = 78
The beat-3 kick splinters: hits on the e of 3 and the & of 3, nothing on the beat itself. Place the e-of-3 exactly halfway between beat 3 and the & — while the snare on 4 stays dead square. It should sound chosen, not slipped.
3 — Sparse 8th Hat
4/4 · ♩ = 80
Hat plays only ON the beat — not the &'s. The result is a sparse, programmed-feeling groove with lots of open space inside the bar. Snare on 2 and 4. Kick on 1, 3, and the & of 3. The hat-rests are felt (count them out loud if you have to); the temptation is to fill them and you mustn't. Loop for two minutes; the groove only sounds right once you commit to the silences.
4 — "Down South" 2-Bar Pattern
4/4 · ♩ = 80
Bar 1 is the basic Southern groove with the &-of-4 kick; bar 2 trades the extra kick for a floor-tom 808 on the & of 3 — that swap is the form's whole shape. Keep the snare behind the click, though not as deep as neo-soul territory.
Move on when
  • Basic Southern groove (Ex 1) holds at ♩=78 with the snare on 2 and 4 firmly in the pocket
  • Outkast-style displaced kick (Ex 2) — the kick on the e-of-3 is placed cleanly without rushing
  • Sparse 8th-hat groove (Ex 3) — alternating hat 8ths and rests, the rests are felt
  • "Down South" 2-bar pattern (Ex 4) holds together as one phrase
Listening 3 records

Listen for it

  1. 01

    Organized Noize (production) Outkast — Aquemini

    Reference Southern hip-hop drum programming — the displaced kicks, the sparse hat.

  2. 02

    Pimp C (production) UGK — Ridin' Dirty

    Houston-flavored Southern hip-hop, slower and heavier than Atlanta.

  3. 03

    DJ Paul / Juicy J (production) Three 6 Mafia — When the Smoke Clears

    Memphis Southern hip-hop, the trap-precursor sound.